Which virus is most commonly responsible for bronchiolitis in infants?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary viral agent responsible for bronchiolitis in infants. This condition is characterized by inflammation and obstruction of the small airways in the lungs, leading to wheezing and difficulty breathing. RSV is most prevalent in infants and young children, especially those under two years of age, and it causes seasonal outbreaks, particularly during the winter months.

The significance of RSV as a cause of bronchiolitis lies in its high incidence rates and its impact on healthcare resources, as many infants with RSV bronchiolitis require hospitalization for supportive care. The clinical presentation often includes symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and respiratory distress, which are typical of bronchiolitis. Given its predominant role in this condition, RSV is a crucial focus for prevention and intervention strategies in pediatric healthcare.

Understanding the impact of RSV also aids in differentiating it from other viral infections. While the influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus can cause respiratory illnesses in children, they are less commonly associated with the specific clinical picture of bronchiolitis compared to RSV.