Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in a child with G6PD deficiency?

Hyperbilirubinemia is commonly associated with G6PD deficiency due to the condition's impact on red blood cell integrity and lifespan. In children with G6PD deficiency, the lack of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase leads to increased oxidative stress, which can cause hemolysis, or the breakdown of red blood cells. When red blood cells are destroyed, heme is released, and its breakdown products—including bilirubin—can elevate in the bloodstream, leading to hyperbilirubinemia. This is especially evident after triggers such as infections, certain medications, or ingestion of fava beans, which can provoke hemolytic episodes in affected individuals.

Symptoms like lethargy, skin rashes, and petechiae may arise in a variety of conditions, but they are not specifically characteristic of G6PD deficiency. Lethargy can result from anemia or other underlying issues, skin rashes may signify different dermatological or allergic reactions, and petechiae are typically associated with platelet disorders or bleeding conditions. However, the direct consequence of hemolysis in G6PD deficiency leading to elevated bilirubin levels is a defining symptom that aligns specifically with this enzyme deficiency.