What is the most likely diagnosis for a child presenting with bleeding gums and isolated thrombocytopenia?

The presentation of bleeding gums and isolated thrombocytopenia in a child strongly suggests Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). In this condition, the immune system mistakenly identifies platelets as foreign and produces antibodies against them, leading to their destruction, primarily in the spleen. The hallmark of ITP is isolated low platelet counts without other significant blood abnormalities.

The symptoms of bleeding gums can occur due to the low platelet levels, which result in impaired hemostasis. ITP is often seen following a viral infection in children, and the diagnosis is typically made after ruling out other potential causes of thrombocytopenia. Since ITP is characterized by its isolated thrombocytopenia, the absence of abnormalities in white blood cells and red blood cells further supports this diagnosis.

Other conditions might present with similar symptoms but often have additional findings or features that distinguish them from ITP. For instance, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) involves a combination of thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, renal dysfunction, and neurological symptoms. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) usually includes hemolysis and acute kidney injury, often after gastroenteritis. Henoch Schonlein